Category: Game Mechanics

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How to Code a Zelda Ball Puzzle in Unity

Lately, I have been replaying through Zelda Breath of the Wild. If you are familiar with the game then you will probably know about the various ball puzzles that you have to solve in order to complete shrines and gain spirit orbs. These puzzles often require you to drop a special ball into a socket after which everything will change color and a door will unlock. In this lesson, I will show you how to replicate this game mechanic.

For this game mechanic, we will use a Unity Event which makes it so we can assign any public function to be called when the puzzle is completed.

Ball and Socket Puzzle Prefab

This is our Ball and Socket Puzzle Prefab like what is found in Zelda breath of the wild.

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ZeldaGoal.cs

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Events;

public class ZeldaGoal : MonoBehaviour
{
    
    [SerializeField] GameObject key;

   
    public UnityEvent onUnlock;


    public void UnlockEventTriggered()
    {
        onUnlock.Invoke();
    }

    private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
    {
        if(other.gameObject == key)
        {
            UnlockEventTriggered();
        }
    }

    public void TestUnlock()
    {
        Debug.Log("GOAL!");
    }
}

using Photon.Chat;
using Photon.Pun;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class PhotonChatManager : MonoBehaviour, IChatClientListener
{
    #region Setup

    [SerializeField] GameObject joinChatButton;
    ChatClient chatClient;
    bool isConnected;
    [SerializeField] string username;

    public void UsernameOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        username = valueIn;
    }

    public void ChatConnectOnClick()
    {
        isConnected = true;
        chatClient = new ChatClient(this);
        //chatClient.ChatRegion = "US";
        chatClient.Connect(PhotonNetwork.PhotonServerSettings.AppSettings.AppIdChat, PhotonNetwork.AppVersion, new AuthenticationValues(username));
        Debug.Log("Connenting");
    }

    #endregion Setup

    #region General

    [SerializeField] GameObject chatPanel;
    string privateReceiver = "";
    string currentChat;
    [SerializeField] InputField chatField;
    [SerializeField] Text chatDisplay;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {

    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (isConnected)
        {
            chatClient.Service();
        }

        if (chatField.text != "" && Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Return))
        {
            SubmitPublicChatOnClick();
            SubmitPrivateChatOnClick();
        }
    }

    #endregion General

    #region PublicChat

    public void SubmitPublicChatOnClick()
    {
        if (privateReceiver == "")
        {
            chatClient.PublishMessage("RegionChannel", currentChat);
            chatField.text = "";
            currentChat = "";
        }
    }

    public void TypeChatOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        currentChat = valueIn;
    }

    #endregion PublicChat

    #region PrivateChat

    public void ReceiverOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        privateReceiver = valueIn;
    }

    public void SubmitPrivateChatOnClick()
    {
        if (privateReceiver != "")
        {
            chatClient.SendPrivateMessage(privateReceiver, currentChat);
            chatField.text = "";
            currentChat = "";
        }
    }

    #endregion PrivateChat

    #region Callbacks

    public void DebugReturn(DebugLevel level, string message)
    {
        //throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnChatStateChange(ChatState state)
    {
        if(state == ChatState.Uninitialized)
        {
            isConnected = false;
            joinChatButton.SetActive(true);
            chatPanel.SetActive(false);
        }
    }

    public void OnConnected()
    {
        Debug.Log("Connected");
        joinChatButton.SetActive(false);
        chatClient.Subscribe(new string[] { "RegionChannel" });
    }

    public void OnDisconnected()
    {
        isConnected = false;
        joinChatButton.SetActive(true);
        chatPanel.SetActive(false);
    }

    public void OnGetMessages(string channelName, string[] senders, object[] messages)
    {
        string msgs = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < senders.Length; i++)
        {
            msgs = string.Format("{0}: {1}", senders[i], messages[i]);

            chatDisplay.text += "\n" + msgs;

            Debug.Log(msgs);
        }

    }

    public void OnPrivateMessage(string sender, object message, string channelName)
    {
        string msgs = "";

        msgs = string.Format("(Private) {0}: {1}", sender, message);

        chatDisplay.text += "\n " + msgs;

        Debug.Log(msgs);
        
    }

    public void OnStatusUpdate(string user, int status, bool gotMessage, object message)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnSubscribed(string[] channels, bool[] results)
    {
        chatPanel.SetActive(true);
    }

    public void OnUnsubscribed(string[] channels)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnUserSubscribed(string channel, string user)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnUserUnsubscribed(string channel, string user)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    #endregion Callbacks
}

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How to Code a Kill Feed UI in Unity

For this lesson on how to create game mechanics for Unity, I will show you how to create a Kill Feed UI as found in most first-person shooters and other fighting games. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a working kill feed prefab that you can add to any Unity project. This prefab is also very easy to use. Just add it to any scene you which to use it in and then there are three options for using this mechanic. You can have if display just names, names and how, or names and an icon of how each player was kill. There is then a public function for each of these options that you can call from anywhere in your project using the singleton of the prefab.

Kill Feed Prefab

This is a simple prebuild prefab that will add an easy to use kill feed to any Unity project you want.

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KillListing.cs

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

//This script is attached to the kill listing prefab
public class KillListing : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] Text killerDisplay; //The UI Text that displays the killer name
    [SerializeField] Text killedDisplay; //The UI Text that displays the Killed name

    [SerializeField] Text howDisplay;
    [SerializeField] Image howImageDisplay;

    private void Start()
    {
        Destroy(gameObject, 10f); //To keep our feed from getting too long we destroy old listings after a given time.
    }

    //This function is called by the AddNewKillListing function to set the two text variables.
    public void SetNames(string killerName, string killedName)
    {
        killerDisplay.text = killerName;
        killedDisplay.text = killedName;
    }

    public void SetNamesAndHow(string killerName, string killedName, string how)
    {
        killerDisplay.text = killerName;
        killedDisplay.text = killedName;

        howDisplay.text = how;
    }

    public void SetNamesAndHowImage(string killerName, string KilledName, Sprite howImage)
    {
        killerDisplay.text = killerName;
        killedDisplay.text = KilledName;
        howImageDisplay.sprite = howImage;
    }
}

KillFeed.cs

using UnityEngine;


//This script is attached to the Kill Feed object and is used to control the feed.
public class KillFeed : MonoBehaviour
{
    public static KillFeed instance; //Singleton of this script so you can call the AddNewKillListing function from anywhere in your project.
    [SerializeField] GameObject killListingPrefab; //This is a variable to hold the kill listing prefab.
    [SerializeField] GameObject killListingWithImagePrefab; //This is a variable to hold the kill listing prefab.
    [SerializeField] Sprite[] howImages;

    private void Start()
    {
        instance = this;
    }

    //To call this function use the following example code
    //KillFeed.instance.AddNewKillListing("KillerName", "KilledName");
    public void AddNewKillListing(string killer, string killed)
    {
        GameObject temp = Instantiate(killListingPrefab, transform);
        temp.transform.SetSiblingIndex(0);
        KillListing tempListing = temp.GetComponent<KillListing>();
        tempListing.SetNames(killer, killed);
    }


    //To call this function use the following example code
    //KillFeed.instance.AddNewKillListingWithHow("KillerName", "KilledName", "Splattered");
    public void AddNewKillListingWithHow(string killer, string killed, string how)
    {
        GameObject temp = Instantiate(killListingPrefab, transform);
        temp.transform.SetSiblingIndex(0);
        KillListing tempListing = temp.GetComponent<KillListing>();
        tempListing.SetNamesAndHow(killer, killed, how);
    }

    //To call this function use the following example code
    //KillFeed.instance.AddNewKillListingWithHowImage("KillerName", "KilledName", 0);
    public void AddNewKillListingWithHowImage(string killer, string killed, int howIndex)
    {
        GameObject temp = Instantiate(killListingWithImagePrefab, transform);
        temp.transform.SetSiblingIndex(0);
        KillListing tempListing = temp.GetComponent<KillListing>();
        tempListing.SetNamesAndHowImage(killer, killed, howImages[howIndex]);
    }
}

using Photon.Chat;
using Photon.Pun;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class PhotonChatManager : MonoBehaviour, IChatClientListener
{
    #region Setup

    [SerializeField] GameObject joinChatButton;
    ChatClient chatClient;
    bool isConnected;
    [SerializeField] string username;

    public void UsernameOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        username = valueIn;
    }

    public void ChatConnectOnClick()
    {
        isConnected = true;
        chatClient = new ChatClient(this);
        //chatClient.ChatRegion = "US";
        chatClient.Connect(PhotonNetwork.PhotonServerSettings.AppSettings.AppIdChat, PhotonNetwork.AppVersion, new AuthenticationValues(username));
        Debug.Log("Connenting");
    }

    #endregion Setup

    #region General

    [SerializeField] GameObject chatPanel;
    string privateReceiver = "";
    string currentChat;
    [SerializeField] InputField chatField;
    [SerializeField] Text chatDisplay;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {

    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (isConnected)
        {
            chatClient.Service();
        }

        if (chatField.text != "" &amp;&amp; Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Return))
        {
            SubmitPublicChatOnClick();
            SubmitPrivateChatOnClick();
        }
    }

    #endregion General

    #region PublicChat

    public void SubmitPublicChatOnClick()
    {
        if (privateReceiver == "")
        {
            chatClient.PublishMessage("RegionChannel", currentChat);
            chatField.text = "";
            currentChat = "";
        }
    }

    public void TypeChatOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        currentChat = valueIn;
    }

    #endregion PublicChat

    #region PrivateChat

    public void ReceiverOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        privateReceiver = valueIn;
    }

    public void SubmitPrivateChatOnClick()
    {
        if (privateReceiver != "")
        {
            chatClient.SendPrivateMessage(privateReceiver, currentChat);
            chatField.text = "";
            currentChat = "";
        }
    }

    #endregion PrivateChat

    #region Callbacks

    public void DebugReturn(DebugLevel level, string message)
    {
        //throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnChatStateChange(ChatState state)
    {
        if(state == ChatState.Uninitialized)
        {
            isConnected = false;
            joinChatButton.SetActive(true);
            chatPanel.SetActive(false);
        }
    }

    public void OnConnected()
    {
        Debug.Log("Connected");
        joinChatButton.SetActive(false);
        chatClient.Subscribe(new string[] { "RegionChannel" });
    }

    public void OnDisconnected()
    {
        isConnected = false;
        joinChatButton.SetActive(true);
        chatPanel.SetActive(false);
    }

    public void OnGetMessages(string channelName, string[] senders, object[] messages)
    {
        string msgs = "";
        for (int i = 0; i &lt; senders.Length; i++)
        {
            msgs = string.Format("{0}: {1}", senders[i], messages[i]);

            chatDisplay.text += "\n" + msgs;

            Debug.Log(msgs);
        }

    }

    public void OnPrivateMessage(string sender, object message, string channelName)
    {
        string msgs = "";

        msgs = string.Format("(Private) {0}: {1}", sender, message);

        chatDisplay.text += "\n " + msgs;

        Debug.Log(msgs);
        
    }

    public void OnStatusUpdate(string user, int status, bool gotMessage, object message)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnSubscribed(string[] channels, bool[] results)
    {
        chatPanel.SetActive(true);
    }

    public void OnUnsubscribed(string[] channels)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnUserSubscribed(string channel, string user)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnUserUnsubscribed(string channel, string user)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    #endregion Callbacks
}

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How to Code and Create Zelda Hearts Health Bar in Unity

Health Bar Prefabs

There are two parts to this package the first is the MainHealthBarPrefab. This prefab is a screen space overlay object which is meant for the main player’s health. This features a verticle fill image in the bottom left corner. The second part is the WorldSpaceHealtBarPrefab this is a world space overlay canvas meant for other avatars in your game. This feature a horizontal fill image that floats about the avatars. These UI elements will fill based on the current and max health of the player or enemy avatar. There are three main functions that you will use to update the health bars TakeDamage, HealHealth, and LevelUpHealth. TakeDamage will remove health, HealHealth will give health back, and LevelUpHealth increases the total max health.

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In this lesson on to create fun game mechanics in Unity, I will teach you how to code and create Zelda Hearts in Unity. The famous heart health can be found in every Zelda game since the original. This icon game mechanic and is loved by every Zelda fan and add a different take on a typical fill health bar.

To create the Zelda health bar we will need to create a UI panel for holding all the hearts. We will then create the heart prefab. Each heart prefab will form a single linked list. We will then create an algorithm that will recurse through each heart, filling them with the correct fill amount.

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HeartContainer.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class HeartContainer : MonoBehaviour
{
    public HeartContainer next;

    [Range(0, 1)] float fill;
    [SerializeField] Image fillImage;

    public void SetHeart(float count)
    {
        fill = count;
        fillImage.fillAmount = fill;
        count--;
        if (next != null)
        {
            next.SetHeart(count);
        }
    }
}

ZeldaHealthBar.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class ZeldaHealthBar : MonoBehaviour
{
    public static ZeldaHealthBar instance;

    [SerializeField] GameObject heartContainerPrefab;

    [SerializeField] List<GameObject> heartContainers;
    int totalHearts;
    float currentHearts;
    HeartContainer currentContainer;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        instance = this;
        heartContainers = new List<GameObject>();
        
    }

    //ZeldaHealthBar.instance.SetupHearts(valueIn);
    public void SetupHearts(int heartsIn)
    {
        heartContainers.Clear();
        for(int i = transform.childCount -1; i >=0; i--)
        {  
            Destroy(transform.GetChild(i).gameObject);
        }

        totalHearts = heartsIn;
        currentHearts = (float)totalHearts;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < totalHearts; i++)
        {
            GameObject newHeart = Instantiate(heartContainerPrefab, transform);
            heartContainers.Add(newHeart);
            if(currentContainer != null)
            {
                currentContainer.next = newHeart.GetComponent<HeartContainer>();
            }
            currentContainer = newHeart.GetComponent<HeartContainer>();
        }
        currentContainer = heartContainers[0].GetComponent<HeartContainer>();

    }

    //ZeldaHealthBar.instance.SetCurrentHealth(valueIn);
    public void SetCurrentHealth(float health)
    {
        currentHearts = health;
        currentContainer.SetHeart(currentHearts);
        
    }

    //ZeldaHealthBar.instance.AddHearts(valueIn);
    public void AddHearts(float healthUp)
    {
        currentHearts += healthUp;
        if(currentHearts > totalHearts)
        {
            currentHearts = (float)totalHearts;
        }
        currentContainer.SetHeart(currentHearts);
    }

    //ZeldaHealthBar.instance.RemoveHearts(valueIn);
    public void RemoveHearts(float healthDown)
    {
        currentHearts -= healthDown;
        if(currentHearts < 0)
        {
            currentHearts = 0f;
        }
        currentContainer.SetHeart(currentHearts);
    }

    //ZeldaHealthBar.instance.AddContainer(valueIn);
    public void AddContainer()
    {
        GameObject newHeart = Instantiate(heartContainerPrefab, transform);
        currentContainer = heartContainers[heartContainers.Count - 1].GetComponent<HeartContainer>();
        heartContainers.Add(newHeart);
        

        if (currentContainer != null)
        {
            currentContainer.next = newHeart.GetComponent<HeartContainer>();
        }
    
        currentContainer = heartContainers[0].GetComponent<HeartContainer>();

        totalHearts++;
        currentHearts = totalHearts;
        SetCurrentHealth(currentHearts);
    }
}

DemoZeldaHealth.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class DemoZeldaHealth : MonoBehaviour
{
    int total;
    float amountUp;
    float amountDown;

    public void TotalInput(string valueIn)
    {
        total = int.Parse(valueIn);
    }

    public void SubmitSetup()
    {
        ZeldaHealthBar.instance.SetupHearts(total);
    }

    public void UpAmountInput(string valueIn)
    {
        amountUp = float.Parse(valueIn);
    }

    public void SubmitUp()
    {
        ZeldaHealthBar.instance.AddHearts(amountUp);
    }

    public void DownAmountInput(string valueIn)
    {
        amountDown = float.Parse(valueIn);
    }

    public void SubmitDown()
    {
        ZeldaHealthBar.instance.RemoveHearts(amountDown);
    }

    public void AddHeartContainer()
    {
        ZeldaHealthBar.instance.AddContainer();
    }
}

using Photon.Chat;
using Photon.Pun;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class PhotonChatManager : MonoBehaviour, IChatClientListener
{
    #region Setup

    [SerializeField] GameObject joinChatButton;
    ChatClient chatClient;
    bool isConnected;
    [SerializeField] string username;

    public void UsernameOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        username = valueIn;
    }

    public void ChatConnectOnClick()
    {
        isConnected = true;
        chatClient = new ChatClient(this);
        //chatClient.ChatRegion = "US";
        chatClient.Connect(PhotonNetwork.PhotonServerSettings.AppSettings.AppIdChat, PhotonNetwork.AppVersion, new AuthenticationValues(username));
        Debug.Log("Connenting");
    }

    #endregion Setup

    #region General

    [SerializeField] GameObject chatPanel;
    string privateReceiver = "";
    string currentChat;
    [SerializeField] InputField chatField;
    [SerializeField] Text chatDisplay;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {

    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (isConnected)
        {
            chatClient.Service();
        }

        if (chatField.text != "" &amp;&amp; Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Return))
        {
            SubmitPublicChatOnClick();
            SubmitPrivateChatOnClick();
        }
    }

    #endregion General

    #region PublicChat

    public void SubmitPublicChatOnClick()
    {
        if (privateReceiver == "")
        {
            chatClient.PublishMessage("RegionChannel", currentChat);
            chatField.text = "";
            currentChat = "";
        }
    }

    public void TypeChatOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        currentChat = valueIn;
    }

    #endregion PublicChat

    #region PrivateChat

    public void ReceiverOnValueChange(string valueIn)
    {
        privateReceiver = valueIn;
    }

    public void SubmitPrivateChatOnClick()
    {
        if (privateReceiver != "")
        {
            chatClient.SendPrivateMessage(privateReceiver, currentChat);
            chatField.text = "";
            currentChat = "";
        }
    }

    #endregion PrivateChat

    #region Callbacks

    public void DebugReturn(DebugLevel level, string message)
    {
        //throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnChatStateChange(ChatState state)
    {
        if(state == ChatState.Uninitialized)
        {
            isConnected = false;
            joinChatButton.SetActive(true);
            chatPanel.SetActive(false);
        }
    }

    public void OnConnected()
    {
        Debug.Log("Connected");
        joinChatButton.SetActive(false);
        chatClient.Subscribe(new string[] { "RegionChannel" });
    }

    public void OnDisconnected()
    {
        isConnected = false;
        joinChatButton.SetActive(true);
        chatPanel.SetActive(false);
    }

    public void OnGetMessages(string channelName, string[] senders, object[] messages)
    {
        string msgs = "";
        for (int i = 0; i &lt; senders.Length; i++)
        {
            msgs = string.Format("{0}: {1}", senders[i], messages[i]);

            chatDisplay.text += "\n" + msgs;

            Debug.Log(msgs);
        }

    }

    public void OnPrivateMessage(string sender, object message, string channelName)
    {
        string msgs = "";

        msgs = string.Format("(Private) {0}: {1}", sender, message);

        chatDisplay.text += "\n " + msgs;

        Debug.Log(msgs);
        
    }

    public void OnStatusUpdate(string user, int status, bool gotMessage, object message)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnSubscribed(string[] channels, bool[] results)
    {
        chatPanel.SetActive(true);
    }

    public void OnUnsubscribed(string[] channels)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnUserSubscribed(string channel, string user)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    public void OnUserUnsubscribed(string channel, string user)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }

    #endregion Callbacks
}